Politics Go "Viral": A Computational Text Analysis of the Public Attribution and Attitude Regarding the COVID-19 Crisis and Governmental Responses on Twitter

The U.S. confronts an unprecedented public health crisis, the COVID-19 pandemic, in the presidential election year in 2020. In such a compound situation, a real-time dynamic examination of how the general public ascribe the crisis responsibilities taking account to their political ideologies is helpful for developing effective strategies to manage the crisis and diminish hostility toward particular groups caused by polarization. Social media, such as Twitter, provide platforms for the public's COVID-related discourse to form, accumulate, and visibly present. Meanwhile, those features also make social media a window to monitor the public responses in real-time. This research conducted a computational text analysis of 2,918,376 tweets sent by 829,686 different U.S. users regarding COVID-19 from January 24 to May 25, 2020. Results indicate that the public's crisis attribution and attitude toward governmental crisis responses are driven by their political identities. One crisis factor identified by this study (i.e., threat level) also affects the public's attribution and attitude polarization. Additionally, we note that pandemic fatigue was identified in our findings as early as in March 2020. This study has theoretical, practical, and methodological implications informing further health communication in a heated political environment. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Social Science Computer Review is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

Corporate social responsibility within a global pandemic: a qualitative analysis of the population's perception of sport organizations

The purpose of this study was to examine the population's perception of corporate social responsibility of three (inter)national sport organizations during the first wave of the Covid-19 pandemic. Within an online survey in Germany, 389 open statements were gathered and analyzed using thematic analysis. Drawing on Carroll's CSR conceptualization, the identified themes were assigned to the economic, legal, ethical and discretionary responsibility of sport organizations. The analysis revealed a fifth dimension of responsibility referring to organizations' communication and transparency. Most answers were concerned with the economic and ethical theme, highlighting the importance of financial modesty and contributing to the health of others during the pandemic. This study stresses the importance for sport organizations to meet ethical and moral expectations of society during times of crisis to maintain mutually beneficial relationships with core stakeholders such as the resident population. © 2023 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

The Limits of Power Concentration and Expert Knowledge in Emergency Management: Spain's Government Response during the First Phase of the Covid-19 Pandemic

Focusing on the central government's response to the Covid-19 crisis during the first wave in Spain, the article analyses the executive's strategy of power concentration, and the factors that shape its implementation. We sketch how the crisis erupted, the main measures and strategies adopted by the national executive, the role of the experts, and the interaction with other political actors and institutions. We also explore the second phase and how the political reaction evolved towards a more consensual approach. Paradoxically, the consequences for the political actors were apparently less harmful than expected, since the governments did not lose political support, and the electorate continued to support the policy measures adopted to mitigate the pandemic.

Public agencies tweeting the COVID-19 pandemic: cross-country comparison of must have and forgotten communication topics

IntroductionDespite the importance of national-level public health agencies in times of a pandemic, there is limited comparative understanding of their must-have and forgotten pandemic-related communication topics. MethodsTo fill this gap in the literature, this article presents an analysis of COVID-related communication topics by national-level health agencies in Italy, Sweden, and the United States using the IDEA (Internalization, Distribution, Explanation, Action) model on crisis message framing. The public health agencies included in the study are the Italian National Institute of Health (Istituto Superiore di Sanita;ISS), the Public Health Agency of Sweden (Folkhalsomyndigheten), and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in the US. ResultsBased on these agencies' Twitter posts (n = 856) in the first 3 months of the pandemic, the article reveals a greater attention paid to action oriented (e.g., disease prevention) and explanatory messages (e.g., disease trends) than to distribution (e.g., transmission) and internalizing messages (e.g., risk factors) in all three countries. The study also highlights differences in terms of referrals to other communication channels and communication topics, especially in terms of these agencies' emphasis on individual risk factors (related to the risk of a person suffering from serious COVID-19-related health consequences) and social risk factors (related to the chance of an individual to become infected with COVID-19 because of the social context). DiscussionThe study's findings call for better incorporation of information that is directly relevant to the receivers (internalizing messages) by public health agencies.

Teaching Crisis Management before and after the Pandemic: Personal Reflections

This reflective contribution tells the story of a veteran public sector crisis management (CM) researcher's 35-year journey with educating students and CM practitioners. It offers preliminary insights about how the pandemic experience might -- and should -- induce a significant rethink of how educators conceptualize the nature of crises and the challenges governments and public agencies face in coping with them.

Leaving: Residential mobility and housing conditions in France during the Covid-19 epidemic

In the spring of 2020, a national lockdown was declared in France to control the Covid-19 epidemic - the longest and strictest to date. This led to spontaneous population movements, widely publicised in the media as the urban exodus of Parisians. But were departures from large cities to low-density areas the only types of mobility during this period? And what can we learn from housing changes during lockdown about the ordinary residential practices and dwelling conditions of households, as well as about the resources mobilised to cope with these exceptional situations? Based on the EpiCOV survey (Inserm-Drees), conducted in France among a sample of 135,000 people aged 15 and over at the end of the first lockdown, this article examines the different types of residential mobility that took place in the spring of 2020 on French territory. While this study does not predict whether or not these movements are to become permanent, or whether they would be repeated during further phases of lockdown, it highlights the heterogeneity of mobility practices, captured here in terms of distance travelled, changes within the urban gradient, types and conditions of housing, as well as the variety of resources mobilised according to sex, age and social position of individuals. While long-distance mobility more often concerns wealthy populations, local movements are almost as frequent and concern more heterogeneous fractions of the population. © 2023 Geographie-Cites. All rights reserved.

A psychological contract perspective to managing the employment relationship during the covid-19 pandemic in the aviation industry

Although the literature on psychological contracts is rich, researchers have so far paid limited attention to psychological contracts in times of crisis. To investigate how employees assess their psychological contracts during a crisis, we conducted 32 semistructured interviews during the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe. The interviewees worked in the airline industry, which the pandemic severely affected. Our qualitative approach allowed us to gain novel insights into the mechanisms by which contracts are managed when the typical parameters of contract assessment are not possible, thereby allowing us to expand psychological contract theory. In addition to illustrating the key employer obligations that employees perceived during a crisis, we introduce two novel theoretical concepts -psychological contract credit and psychological contract inactivation - that explain how employees managed their contracts during the crisis. The practical findings of this study are of relevance to HR managers in managing future crises and addressing the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

Reclaiming the Authority to Plan: Recentralization of COVID-19 Response in Ghana

The paper examines the implications of COVID-19 pandemic on multi-level governance (MLG) in Ghana. Adopting a qualitative document analysis approach supported by 18 key informant interviews, the findings revealed four enablers of recentralization: COVID-19-induced legislations for centralized decision, centralized distribution of relief packages and medical supplies, centralized institutional response, and centralized government communication strategies. Despite the use of centralized policy making, the management of pandemic is fraught with institutional inefficiencies, rigidities, and ambiguities. The paper argues that the recentralization of COVID-19 management is symptomatic of a long period of neglect of MLG in Ghana. Since, local governments are perceived as inept and ill-equipped, there is a mistaken believe that recentralized decisions are more effective during emergencies. To ensure an effective response to public emergencies, its mitigation and post-crisis recovery in developing countries, a MLG approach - where central, local, and other non-state actors work together in equal partnership is crucial.

Policy Advisory Systems in Times of Crisis: A Case Study of Slovak Advisory Committees during Covid-19

This paper aims to fill a gap in the understanding of policy advisory systems (PAS) during the Covid‐19 crisis. As governments rely on PAS in uncertain times of crisis, the state of PAS directly impacts the quality of policymaking. This paper studies the changes within Slovak Advisory committees (AC) at the executive level concerning the changes of government during the Covid‐19 pandemic. Slovakia had relatively good results in the first wave of the pandemic but did not utilize any ofthat experience in the second wave, where deadly infection and death rates were higher. The case of Slovak ACs demonstrates a shift towards a more politicized PAS – the new committees, established by the prime minister, were meeting at the expense of already functioning committees at the beginning of the crisis, and their expertise was more political in character. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of NISPAcee Journal of Public Administration & Policy is the property of Sciendo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

Crisis Management and Public Policies. The Trend toward Regulatory Practices in Some Countries

The article aims to investigate whether governments tend to implement regulatory policies in response to the Covid-19 pandemic and to examine the type of citizen response to different types of policies. Given that active and collaborative citizen participation is an essential element of adequate crisis management, citizen resistance, active opposition, and demonstrations in public spaces are detrimental to the successful outcome of government policies in the face of a crisis. We employ the crisis management and institutional analyses theoretical perspectives, as well as the qualitative methods of study case and the comparative studies. We review the different types of policies implemented in different countries. Our analysis shows that there is indeed a tendency for implementing regulatory policies. It also identifies that the places where regulative policies are created and implemented without taking into account contextual aspects, it usually catalyzes citizen's discomfort. Therefore, we argue that the type of policy used is relevant to deciding what governments' responses should be and their effect on legitimacy during crises.

An investigation of transformational leadership practices utilized to create an affirmative school culture amid post traumatic events such as COVID-19

This phenomenological qualitative research aimed to examine transformational leadership practices that cultivate an affirmative school culture amid post-traumatic events such as Covid19. The study explored the extent to which crisis management was incorporated within the school safety plan. This research was grounded in two theoretical frameworks, Bridges' (2009) Transition Model and Scharmer's (2017) Theory U, focusing on the social-emotional effects of change throughout the public health crisis. Educational leaders in the Northeastern region of the United States were interviewed. The research gathered the participant's perception of a school's culture and crisis management as a public health crisis disrupted traditional instruction and leadership.The study found that cultivating collaborative relationships rooted in shared vision and trust was fundamental to creating an affirmative school culture. Additionally, the study revealed the significance of creating culturally responsive school safety plans grounded in the historical context of the community's shared lived experiences. Finally, the research highlights how the Covid-19 global pandemic presented an opportunity for educational leaders and stakeholders to develop culturally responsive support systems and structures, which created learning partnerships. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

The handbook of security

The substantially revised third edition of The Handbook of Security provides the most comprehensive analysis of scholarly security debates and issues to date. It reflects the developments in security technology, the convergence of the cyber and security worlds, and the fact that security management has become even more business focused. It covers newer topics like terrorism, violence, and cybercrime through various offence types such as commercial robbery and bribery. This handbook comprises mostly brand new chapters and a few thoroughly revised chapters, with discussions of the impact of the pandemic. It includes contributions from some of the world's leading scholars from an even broader geographic scale to critique the way security is provided and managed. It speaks to professionals working in security and students studying security-related courses. Chapter 5 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022. All rights reserved.

Pandemic techno-politics in the global South

Brazil has been standing out as one of the worst places on Earth to be during a global health crisis, especially for those whose struggle for basic humanitarian rights is already routine. How do the political environment and historical inequalities in countries like Brazil affect the ways in which public policy and technologies are framed as responses for the pandemic crisis? In this paper we aim to present the sequence of actions and omissions in the fight against sars-cov2 in Brazil, concentrating on measures based on the use of digital technologies and the sociotechnical arrangements unfolding in materialities that give shape to such measures. We will also discuss possible repercussions of the widespread adoption of surveillance technologies as a quick fix to the effects of the pandemic. Our focus is to explain how the materiality of the virus and its political as well as territorial effects are combined with digital technologies as responses (or lack of them) in the fields of healthcare, education, communication and labour in the context of the global South. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Information Polity: The International Journal of Government & Democracy in the Information Age is the property of IOS Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

PROTOCOLS FOR RESTARTING TOURISM IN COVID-19 CONDITIONS AND DEVELOPING PANDEMIC IMMUNITY.

The purpose of the study is to provide a better understanding of the protocols for restarting tourism considered as an international prior action plan, and to present an academic output supporting the development of pandemic immunity. In this direction, the global guidelines of United Nations World Tourism Organization dated 28 May 2020 and new-normal protocols of World Travel and Tourism Council dated 29 May 2020 were translated into Turkish and subjected to content analysis. The entire analysis process, from coding to Sankey diagram creation, conducted via ATLAS.ti - v.22.1.4.0, a computer-aided qualitative data analysis software. Among the results;the role in restarting tourism and the aspects of developing pandemic immunity of implementing hygiene-oriented innovative practices even if they will require changes in the organizational chart, prioritizing coordination, communication and cooperation not only in the steps taken by the government and businesses but also by the other interested parties, making the dynamism within the internal processes brought about by the turbulent conditions efficient and standardized via the adoption of protocols establishing a specific business manner and procedure are stand out. (English) [ FROM AUTHOR] Çalışmanın amacı;uluslararası nitelikteki turizmi yeniden başlatma protokollerinin detaylı bir şekilde incelenerek somutlaştırılmasıdır. Böylece benzer krizlerin şok etkisini kısaltan, eyleme geçme sürecini daha etkili ve hızlı kılan bir pandemi bağışıklığının geliştirilmesine katkı sağlanması hedeflenmektedir. Bu doğrultuda, Türkçeye çevrilmiş olan Birleşmiş Milletler Dünya Turizm Örgütü'nün 28 Mayıs 2020 tarihli küresel yönergesi ile Dünya Seyahat ve Turizm Konseyi'nin 29 Mayıs 2020 tarihli yeni-normal protokolleri içerik analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Kodlama işleminden Sankey diyagramı oluşturmaya kadar tüm analiz süreci, bilgisayar destekli bir nitel veri analiz yazılımı olan ATLAS.ti - v.22.1.4.0 vasıtasıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sonuçlar arasından;örgüt şemasında değişimleri gerektirecek olsa dahi hijyen odaklı inovatif uygulamaların hayata geçirilmesinin, yalnızca hükümetin ve işletmelerin değil;diğer ilgili tarafların atacağı adımlarda da koordinasyonun, iletişimin ve iş birliğinin öncelikli olarak değerlendirilmesinin, çalkantılı koşulların işletme içi süreçlerde meydana getirdiği olumsuzlukların protokollerin benimsenmesi aracılığıyla standardize edilmesinin ve verimli kılınmasının, turizmin yeniden başlatılmasındaki rolü ve pandemi bağışıklığını geliştirici yönleri ön plana çıkmaktadır. (Turkish) [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Pamukkale University Journal of Social Sciences Institute / Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi is the property of Pamukkale University, Social Sciences Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

Postpandemic international tourism restart: effect of border control and vaccination

PurposeAs the current Coronavirus 2019 pandemic eases, international tourism, which was greatly affected by the outbreak, is gradually recovering. The attraction of countries to overseas tourists is related to their overall performance in the pandemic. This research integrates the data of vaccination of different countries, border control policy and holidays to explore their differential impacts on the overseas tourists' intention during the pandemic. This is crucial for destinations to built their tourism resilience. It will also help countries and industry organizations to promote their own destinations to foreign tourism enterprises. Design/methodology/approachThis study proposes an analysis based on panel data for ten countries over 1,388 days. The coefficient of variation is used to measure monthly differences of Chinese tourists' intention to visit overseas country destinations. FindingsResults show that, for tourist intention of going abroad: border control of the destination country has a significant negative impact;daily new cases in the destination country have a significant negative impact;domestic daily new cases have a significant positive impact;holidays have significant negative impact;daily vaccination of the destination countries has significant positive impact;and domestic daily vaccination have negative significant impact. Research limitations/implicationsFirst, there is a large uncertainty in studying consumers' willingness to travel abroad in this particular period because of unnecessary travel abroad caused by the control of the epidemic. Second, there are limitations in studying only Chinese tourists, and future research should be geared toward a broader range of research pairs. Practical implicationsFirst, from the government perspective, a humane response can earn the respect and trust of tourists. Second, for tourism industry, to encourage the public take vaccine would be beneficial for both the tourism destination and foreign tourism companies. The same effect can be achieved by helping tourists who are troubled by border control. Social implicationsFirst, this research provides suggestions for the government and the tourism industry to deal with such a crisis in the future. Second, this study found that vaccination has a direct impact on tourism. This provides a basis for improving people's willingness to vaccinate. Thirdly, this study proves suggestion for the destinations to build tourism resilience. Originality/valueThis study analyzes the unique control measures and vaccination in different countries during the pandemic, then provides suggestions for the tourism industry to prepare for the upcoming postpandemic tourism recovery. This study is valuable for improving the economic resilience of tourism destinations. Additionally, it helps to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of different restrain policies around the world.

Tackling Covid-19, the Singapore Way

The Singapore government's strategy of managing the COVID-19 crisis in its first year was built upon its experience of handling the SARS crisis in 2003. The strategy showcased extensive capacities to test, trace, isolate, treat, and limit the importation of cases. Implementation was impressive at first, delivering results that were internationally admired. An emphasis on building social responsibility through transparent communication and the use of technology has also overall been successful. To keep the economy afloat and ready to thrive in postpandemic times, the government allocated approximately $100 billion in a budget that was business- and employer-centric, consistent with neoliberal globalization. Where the government failed was in its handling of the disease outbreaks in migrant worker dormitories, which it seemed not to have anticipated even though there had been warnings from civil society activists. Opportunistically, the PAP called for early parliamentary elections, arguing that a PAP government with a strong mandate was what successful management of this "crisis of a generation” required. Since Singaporeans are often thought to be risk-averse, there was an expectation of a landslide victory for the PAP with voters taking a "flight to safety” and supporting the only government they had ever known in this dominant-party system. Instead, the PAP lost significant vote share and 10 seats including two multi-member "group representation constituencies” were lost to the opposition. If these results reflected what voters thought of the government's performance in managing the COVID-19 crisis, they may well point more specifically to public dissatisfaction with immigration policy and the dormitories fiasco. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022.

A saúde em tempos de crise: lições a partir da Covid-19

A pandemia da Covid-19 trouxe desafios à gestão pública de todo o mundo, sendo frequentes os debates sobre quais seriam as ações mais assertivas para o seu enfrentamento. Diante disso, este estudo teve como objetivo compreender os elementos que influenciaram no resultado do enfrentamento à pandemia por meio de uma revisão integrativa sistematizada de artigos nacionais e internacionais. Os resultados evidenciaram diversas tipologias de condicionantes do enfrentamento à Covid-19, que poderiam ser agregados em três categorias inter-relacionadas: conjuntura local, contexto organizacional e capacidades estatais. Estes elementos se concentram de forma dispersa ao longo dos territórios, ensejando estratégias, parcerias e instrumentos de cooperação para minimização dos danos à população. Os resultados do estudo avançam na literatura ao desvendar a complexidade do gerenciamento de crises desta magnitude, contribuindo para a criação de aprendizado e para a gestão do conhecimento em benefício do enfrentamento de crises de saúde futuras.Alternate :The Covid-19 pandemic has brought challenges to public management around the world, with frequent debates about what would be the most assertive actions to face it. Therefore, this study aimed to understand the elements that influenced the outcome of coping with the pandemic through a systematized integrative review of national and international articles. The results showed different typologies of conditioning factors in the fight against Covid-19, which could be aggregated into three interrelated categories: local conjuncture, organizational context and state capacities. These elements are dispersed throughout the territories, giving rise to strategies, partnerships and cooperation instruments to minimize damage to the population. The study results advance the literature by unveiling the complexity of managing crises of this magnitude, contributing to the creation of learning and knowledge management for the benefit of coping with future health crises.

Virtual Management and the New Normal: New Perspectives on HRM and Leadership since the COVID-19 Pandemic

This book examines how Human Resource Management and leadership have been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, what organizations can learn from this, and how these new experiences could be applied in the "New Normal”. The editors of this book have compiled the new knowledge that exists around remote leadership and organizational practices, relative to pre-COVID-19 studies, and the experiences learned during the pandemic. Key discussion themes focus on the role of distance in leadership, organizations and HR, the sustainability aspects involved, innovations and knowledge development achieved, the role of digitalization and new requirements and possibilities for management post-COVID-19. The editors conclude by investigating the strategic processes and factors influencing the "New Normal”. This book will be of great importance for academics, students and practitioners in the fields of Management, Leadership, Human Resource Management, Sustainability, Change Management and Crisis Management. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023.

Working from home during COVID-19 Lockdown: Changing Competencies and work-home life Boundaries

Crisis situations often introduces drastic lifestyle changes. This study is focused on the COVID-19 pandemic and aims to shed light on an unprecedented context of forcing employees to work from home with a short notice of companies and the government. The goal is three-fold: i) to understand the extent to which employees were indeed prepared to work from home;ii) to uncover the most important competencies that enabled employees to deal better with a crisis situation, such as the COVID-19 pandemic;and iii) to discuss the real impact that working from home had in the employees' lives during the pandemic situation and the quarantine period. Using narrative inquiry, this study explores the experiences of 18 young adult consultants working in different business areas, in Portugal. Semi-structure interviews were conducting during the third wave (12/2020 - 03/2021) and thematic analysis was used to analysis the transcripts. The analysis revealed three main themes: 'management competencies', 'work-life balance' and 'work flexibility'. Each theme consisted of several subthemes which illustrates how the participants perceived working from home and the factors that reflect their experiences and understanding. The research findings illustrate that interpersonal communication, anxiety and stress management, time management, and e-leadership are vital skills to cause a great impact on participants' productivity and well-being at work. Participants all appeared to notice that working from home provides a better work-life balance (e.g. saving time on daily commute) and more flexibility with regards to the work schedule and home commitments. Nonetheless, their experiences of home working depend on the personal situation, personality and the perceived management support offered during the COVID-19 lockdown. The research highlights a need to train employees on soft skills and prepare them to future crisis situations. Theoretical implications suggest that academics should expand research and interventions to include not only the work environment but also other external factors that affect employees. The limitations of the study and recommendations for future research are suggested. © 2022 Authors. All rights reserved.

The role of credit lines and multiple lending in financial contagion and systemic events

Banks play a crucial role in providing liquidity to borrowers, particularly during crises (Kashyap et al., 2002 [33]). The existence of multiple lending relationships between banks and borrowers has been seen as an element that reduces the risk of liquidity shortage for debtors (Detragiache et al., 2000). In this paper, we aim to show how the interaction of these two aspects with solvency and liquidity requirements might have implications for the stability of the banking system, which might still need to be fully analyzed. We show that if other sources of liquidity are unavailable or too costly for banks, multiple lending might be a key element in a systemic liquidity shortage and a large drop in lending to the economy. These findings are particularly relevant for understanding how macroeconomic shocks, such as the relatively recent outbreak of COVID-19, could impact the real economy, as well as for assessing the implications of alternative banking resolution mechanisms.